According to the present situation of aluminium electrolytic high power consumption,anode voltage drop,circuit voltage and working voltage have been theoretically calculated on 186kA series aluminium electrolytic cell anode. The factors influencing anode voltage too high have been analysed.The results show that, circuit voltage drop takes about 23 percentage of the working voltage, and anode voltage drop takes about 41 percentage of the circuit voltage drop; The calculation value of anode voltage drop is about 391.15mV; The main factors influencing anode voltage too high are steel-carbon voltage drop and carbon block voltage drop,the secondary factors are explosive welding voltage drop and steel stub voltage drop;It is feasible to reducing anode voltage drop.Cathode voltage drop also has a big accounts of circuit voltage drop,it is feasible to reducing cathode voltage drop.It is better to use rule of amplification taking a research and analysis of more than 300kA series prebaked aluminium reduction cells’ anode voltage drop.