As the demand for nickel in the new energy industry continues to expand, laterite nickel ore high-pressure acid leaching technology has been vigorously promoted and applied in the nickel smelting industry due to its advantages such as high nickel and cobalt recovery rate and strong product adaptability. This article explains the principles, process characteristics, development history and application status of the laterite nickel ore high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) process, introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the nickel and cobalt enrichment process, and analyzes the HPAL process using "two-stage pressure leaching" as an example. The development prospects of technology improvement and tailings treatment and other processes were prospected.