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| Preparation of indium oxide powder by indium nitrate-ammonia gas method |
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Received:September 20, 2024
Revised:November 04, 2024
Accepted:November 22, 2024
Published Online:April 30, 2026
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-7854.2025.06.021 |
| KeyWord:refined indium;nitric acid;ammonia gas;indium nitrate-ammonia gas method;indium oxide |
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| Yunnan Tin New Material Company Limited, Kunming 650501, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Indium oxide (In2O3), an important wide-bandgap semiconductor material, is widely used in fields such as flat-panel displays, solar cells, gas sensors, and photocatalysis due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. Currently, the ammonium nitrate mother liquor method, commonly employed in industry, offers advantages such as low equipment requirements and high product purity. However, this process necessitates the use of large amounts of ammonium nitrate mother liquor as a buffer medium, leading to the generation of high-concentration ammonia-containing wastewater during the washing stage, which increases subsequent wastewater treatment difficulties and environmental burden. To reduce the production of nitrogen-containing wastewater at the source, this paper proposes a novel process for preparing indium oxide powder via the indium nitrate-ammonia gas method. Using refined indium, nitric acid, and ammonia gas as raw materials, the precipitation reaction is initiated by directly introducing ammonia gas into the indium nitrate solution. The effects of reaction temperature, In3+ concentration, ammonia gas flow rate, and stirring speed on the powder properties were systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that under the optimized conditions of reaction temperature 85 ℃, In3+ concentration 0.5 mol·L?1, ammonia gas flow rate 400 mL·h?1, and stirring speed 900 r·min?1, the prepared In2O3 powder exhibits a cubic bixbyite structure, uniform particle size, and good dispersibility. This process effectively reduces the consumption of ammonium nitrate mother liquor and the discharge of nitrogen-containing wastewater, offering better environmental friendliness and industrial application prospects while enhancing the comprehensive performance of the product. |
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