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| Failure mechanism and stability analysis of a composite slope in an open-pit mine: integrating working face and waste dump |
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Received:February 19, 2025
Revised:September 19, 2025
Accepted:October 24, 2025
Published Online:April 30, 2026
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-7854.2026.02.002 |
| KeyWord:open-pit mining;waste dump;composite slope;slope stability analysis;limit equilibrium method;finite element strength reduction method |
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| China North Industries Norengeo Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050011, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Given the complexity of potential failure mechanisms in composite slopes formed by an open-pit working face and an adjacent waste dump, this study employs engineering geological analysis and the finite element strength reduction method (SRM) to investigate failure modes. Under self-weight conditions, slope failure manifests as waste dump-dominated sliding, characterized by a near-circular arc slip surface. In scenarios involving self-weight+groundwater and self-weight+groundwater+storm rainfall, failure transitions to mining pit-dominated sliding, also exhibiting circular-arc slip surfaces. A comparative analysis quantifies the destabilizing effect of waste dump loading on slope stability. According to current design codes, stability evaluation criteria for the composite slope are established. Stability factors under various working conditions are calculated using both the simplified Bishop method and the Morgenstern-Price method, supplemented by SRM results for a comprehensive assessment. Findings indicate that with the current safe separation distance (178 m) between the waste dump toe and the mining pit crest, interaction effects between the two slopes are minimal. The composite slope meets required stability factors under all three working conditions (self-weight, self-weight+groundwater, self-weight+groundwater+storm rainfall). However, bench slopes within the waste dump exhibit safety factors below the required thresholds, posing potential safety hazards. |
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