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| Recovery of valuable metals from high-arsenic tin tailings and arsenic detoxification by combined ultrasonic pretreatment with flotation-gravity process |
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Received:April 15, 2025
Revised:April 14, 2025
Accepted:April 15, 2025
Published Online:April 30, 2026
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-7854.2026.02.006 |
| KeyWord:high-arsenic tin tailings;ultrasonic pretreatment;flotation;oscillating separation for tin;arsenic detoxification;comprehensive resource utilization |
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| Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To address the dual challenges of resource recovery and arsenic pollution control from high-arsenic tin tailings, this study proposes a novel combined separation process of "ultrasonic pretreatment—preferential flotation of sulfur-iron minerals—regrinding and re-flotation—oscillating separation for tin recovery". Aiming at the characteristics of severe slime coating, complex intergrowth of arsenic-sulfur-iron minerals, and difficulties in recovering fine-grained cassiterite, the ultrasonic cavitation effect was employed to efficiently remove the slime coating on mineral surfaces and induce active sites without relying on chemical dispersants, thereby creating a clean interface for subsequent separation. The results show that after ultrasonic pretreatment and preferential flotation followed by regrinding and re-flotation, a low-arsenic sulfur-iron concentrate with 29.12% sulfur and 42.98% iron grades was obtained, with recovery rates of 56.34% for sulfur and 37.68% for iron. In the oscillating separation stage for tin recovery, a tin-rich middling product with 3.21% tin grade and 48.15% recovery was obtained. After the whole process, the arsenic content in the final tailings decreased from 1.97% to 0.69%, and the arsenic leaching toxicity was below 0.05 mg·L?1, achieving detoxification. The comprehensive recovery rates of tin, iron, and sulfur reached 66.23%, 59.68%, and 80.89%, respectively. This process realizes stepwise recovery of valuable metals and directional removal of arsenic, providing a technological paradigm for the clean and efficient resource utilization of similar high-arsenic complex tailings. |
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