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| Controlled water-vapor expansion of natural graphite spheroidization tailings for high-performance anode and its electrochemical properties |
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Received:July 23, 2025
Published Online:April 30, 2026
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-7854.2025.05.015 |
| KeyWord:water-vapor expansion;natural graphite tailings;NH4Cl pre-expansion;interlayer spacing control;anode material;electrochemical performance |
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1.School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
, Beijing 100083, China;2.Heilongjiang Hongchang New Materials Technology Co. Ltd., Mudanjiang 157516, Heilongjiang, China;3.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4.China Minmetals (Heilongjiang)
Graphite Industry Co. Ltd., Hegang 154101, Heilongjiang, China;5.Minmetals Exploration and Development Co. Ltd., Beijing 100010, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study proposes a green modification method based on controlled water-vapor expansion to enhance the electrochemical performance of natural graphite spheroidization tailings. By precisely regulating the instantaneous vapor pressure (0.4 MPa) in a sealed reactor and using NH4Cl as a pre-expansion agent at an NH4Cl-to-graphite mass ratio of 3∶1, expanded graphite material (ESGD0.25-NH4Cl0.75) with an interlayer spacing increased from 0.334 6 nm to 0.335 5 nm was successfully prepared. The material maintained a high graphitization degree (ID/IG=0.129 9) and exhibited significantly reduced interlayer agglomeration. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, it demonstrated excellent rate capability and cycling stability: a capacity retention rate of 23.31% at a high current density of 5 A·g?1, and a reversible capacity of 450.1 mAh·g?1 after 1 000 cycles at 0.5 A·g?1. Electrochemical impedance and relaxation time tests further indicated low interfacial resistance and enhanced lithium-ion transport kinetics. This work provides a feasible technical route for the value-added utilization of natural graphite tailings and the low-carbon fabrication of high-performance anode materials. |
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