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| Research progress on modification technologies of graphite anode materials for lithium/sodium-ion batteries |
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Received:August 10, 2025
Revised:September 15, 2025
Accepted:October 21, 2025
Published Online:April 30, 2026
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-7854.2025.05.001 |
| KeyWord:graphite anode;lithium-ion batteries;sodium-ion batteries;lithium storage mechanism;sodium storage mechanism |
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1.Minmetals Exploration and Development Co. Ltd., Beijing 100010, China;2.China Minmetals (Heilongjiang)
Graphite Industry Co. Ltd., Hegang 154101, Heilongjiang, China |
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| Abstract: |
| With the global advancement of carbon neutrality strategies, lithium/sodium-ion batteries have become core components of green secondary energy systems, making the performance optimization of their anode materials particularly crucial. Graphite anodes, known for their high theoretical capacity and low lithiation potential, dominate the commercial application in lithium-ion batteries, yet they still face challenges such as inadequate rate performance and limited theoretical capacity. In sodium-ion battery systems, however, graphite is difficult to use directly as an anode material due to the larger ionic radius of sodium and thermodynamic instability. This paper systematically reviews the differences in the energy storage mechanisms of graphite in lithium/sodium-ion batteries, with a focus on analyzing research progress in three mainstream modification technologies—structural design, interface regulation, and composite modification—for enhancing the electrochemical performance of graphite anodes. Modification approaches for graphite anodes in sodium-ion batteries, such as interlayer spacing control, defect engineering, and elemental doping, are also discussed. Finally, the application prospects and development directions of graphite anode materials in future high-energy-density and high-power secondary batteries are outlined. |
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